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中文乱码处理

1.问题抛出

当表单提交的数据为中文时,会出现乱码:

(1)Monster.java:

package com.li.web.datavalid.entity;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.NumberFormat;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @author 李
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class Monster {
    @NotNull(message = "id不能为空")
    private Integer id;

    @Email
    @NotEmpty(message = "邮件不能为空")
    private String email;

    @Range(min = 1, max = 100)
    @NotNull(message = "年龄age不能为空")
    private Integer age;

    @NotEmpty
    private String name;

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    @NotNull(message = "生日不能为空")
    private Date birthday;

    @NumberFormat(pattern = "###,###.##")
    @NotNull(message = "工资不能为空")
    private Float salary;

    public Monster() {
    }

    public Monster(Integer id, String email, Integer age, String name, Date birthday, Float salary) {
        this.id = id;
        this.email = email;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public Float getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(Float salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Monster{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", salary=" + salary +
                '}';
    }
}

(2)MonsterHandler.java

package com.li.web.datavalid;

import com.li.web.datavalid.entity.Monster;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BeanPropertyBindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author 李
 * @version 1.0
 */
@Controller
@Scope(value = "prototype")
public class MonsterHandler {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/save", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String save(@Valid Monster monster, Errors errors, Map<String, Object> map) {
        System.out.println("----monster----" + monster);
        //为了查看验证的情况,输出map和errors
        System.out.println("=======map=======");
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println("key=" + entry.getKey() +
                    " value=" + entry.getValue());
            System.out.println("--------");
        }
        System.out.println("=======errors=======");
        if (errors.hasErrors()) {//判断是否有错误
            List<ObjectError> allErrors = errors.getAllErrors();
            for (ObjectError error : allErrors) {
                System.out.println("error=" + error);
            }
            return "datavalid/monster_addUI";
        }
        return "datavalid/success";
    }

}

(3)前端表单提交的信息:

image-20230215213838464

后端输出:

image-20230215213829688

2.解决方案1-自定义过滤器

分析:

我们知道在Javaweb中,三大组件的加载顺序为:监听器→过滤器→Servlet。

由于前端控制器 DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个Servlet,因此可以在过滤器中首先将 Request 的编码设为 utf-8,前端控制器反射目标方法时就不会出现中文乱码问题了。

(1)Monster.java 不变

(2)MonsterHandler.java 不变

(3)在web.xml 文件中配置过滤器

<!--配置处理中文乱码的过滤器
拦截所有请求,处理编码-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>myCharacterFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.li.web.filter.MyCharacterFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myCharacterFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

(4)MyCharacterFilter.java

package com.li.web.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author 李
 * @version 1.0
 * 编写过滤器处理中文乱码问题
 */
public class MyCharacterFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, 
                         ServletResponse servletResponse, 
                         FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //加入对编码的处理
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {}
}

(5)启动 tomcat,提交表单数据如下:

image-20230215220640296

后台输出:

image-20230215220735261

3.解决方案2-Spring提供的过滤器处理中文

除了自定义过滤器可以解决,Spring 专门提供了一个过滤器进行编码处理。并且更加简便,因为 Spring 提供的过滤器实现了在init-param标签直接读取编码格式,不用在过滤器中频繁改动编码。

(1)修改 web.xml 文件,换成 spring 提供的过滤器,处理中文乱码问题

<!--使用spring提供的过滤器处理中文-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <!--这里大小写都支持-->
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

(2)其他文件不变

(3)测试,提交的表单数据如下:

image-20230215222423397

后台输出如下:

image-20230215222457087

同样解决中文乱码问题。